See руга on Wiktionary
{
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫgati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruga",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "изруга",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"form": "m",
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},
{
"form": "ругал",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-",
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},
{
"form": "руган",
"roman": "rugan",
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"tags": [
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},
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"form": "ругала",
"roman": "rugala",
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"feminine",
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
"aorist",
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},
{
"form": "ругајќи",
"roman": "rugajḱi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"aorist",
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},
{
"form": "ругало",
"roman": "rugalo",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"form": "ругање",
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"aorist",
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},
{
"form": "ругале",
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"imperfect",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"form": "ругано",
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"aorist",
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},
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"form": "ругам",
"roman": "rugam",
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},
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"form": "ругав",
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"form": "-",
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"form": "-",
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"form": "ругаш",
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"form": "ругај",
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},
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"form": "руга",
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},
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"form": "ругаше",
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"form": "ругаме",
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{
"form": "ругате",
"roman": "rugate",
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},
{
"form": "ругавте",
"roman": "rugavte",
"source": "conjugation",
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"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругајте",
"roman": "rugajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаат",
"roman": "rugaat",
"source": "conjugation",
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"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаа",
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"third-person"
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"form": "-",
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{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
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"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сум ругал",
"roman": "sum rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
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},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
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},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имам ругано",
"roman": "imam rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"има"
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},
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"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
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},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"има"
]
},
{
"form": "бев ругал",
"roman": "bev rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имав ругано",
"roman": "imav rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
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"pluperfect",
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]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"има"
]
},
{
"form": "сум имал ругано",
"roman": "sum imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"reported",
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},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "ќе ругам",
"roman": "ḱe rugam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
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]
},
{
"form": "ќе имам ругано",
"roman": "ḱe imam rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
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"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
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},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
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},
{
"form": "ќе ругав",
"roman": "ḱe rugav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past-future"
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},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "ќе имав ругано",
"roman": "ḱe imav rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"past",
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"има"
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},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
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"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
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},
{
"form": "ќе сум ругал",
"roman": "ḱe sum rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
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"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
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"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум имал ругано",
"roman": "ḱe sum imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
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"има"
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},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
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"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
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},
{
"form": "би ругал",
"roman": "bi rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
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"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
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"aorist",
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},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "би имал ругано",
"roman": "bi imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
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"има"
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},
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"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
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},
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],
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"expansion": "руга • (ruga) third-singular present, impf (perfective изруга)",
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],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"to mock, diss"
],
"id": "en-руга-mk-verb-8xxd7tgR",
"links": [
[
"mock",
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],
[
"diss",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to mock, diss"
],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈruɡa]"
}
],
"word": "руга"
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{
"form": "-",
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"form": "ругала",
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{
"form": "-",
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{
"form": "ругајќи",
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},
{
"form": "ругало",
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"form": "ругале",
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},
{
"form": "-",
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},
{
"form": "ругано",
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"aorist",
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"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ругам",
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"present",
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]
},
{
"form": "ругав",
"roman": "rugav",
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"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
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]
},
{
"form": "ругаш",
"roman": "rugaš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаше",
"roman": "rugaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ругај",
"roman": "rugaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "руга",
"roman": "ruga",
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"present",
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]
},
{
"form": "ругаше",
"roman": "rugaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаме",
"roman": "rugame",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ругавме",
"roman": "rugavme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ругате",
"roman": "rugate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругавте",
"roman": "rugavte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругајте",
"roman": "rugajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаат",
"roman": "rugaat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ругаа",
"roman": "rugaa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сум ругал",
"roman": "sum rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имам ругано",
"roman": "imam rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "бев ругал",
"roman": "bev rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имав ругано",
"roman": "imav rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "сум имал ругано",
"roman": "sum imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ругам",
"roman": "ḱe rugam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имам ругано",
"roman": "ḱe imam rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ругав",
"roman": "ḱe rugav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имав ругано",
"roman": "ḱe imav rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум ругал",
"roman": "ḱe sum rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум имал ругано",
"roman": "ḱe sum imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "би ругал",
"roman": "bi rugal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би имал ругано",
"roman": "bi imal rugano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "изруга"
},
"expansion": "руга • (ruga) third-singular present, impf (perfective изруга)",
"name": "mk-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian imperfective verbs",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian slang",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Macedonian transitive verbs",
"Macedonian verbs",
"Macedonian verbs in -а",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to mock, diss"
],
"links": [
[
"mock",
"mock"
],
[
"diss",
"diss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to mock, diss"
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈruɡa]"
}
],
"word": "руга"
}
Download raw JSONL data for руга meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.